Analog Sensors
Higher integrated shunt solutions
Higher integrated shunts are solutions that not only consist of the shunts themselves, but
also include voltage taps and contacts, which are provided on the shunts in various forms for the customer. Various solutions are available on the market.
Analog sensors with PCB
The analog sensor with PCB is a busbar shunt that can either be developed on a customer-specific basis or selected from Isabellenhütte’s standard product range. In addition, it contains a soldered-on printed circuit board (PCB), via which, among other things, direct tapping of the measurement signals is possible. Furthermore, depending on the configura¬tion, the temperature can be measured via NTCs (Negative Temperature Coefficient Thermistors) on the PCB and the resulting values can be used to compensate for the temperature coefficient.
Depending on the configuration, the analog sensor thus fulfills two of the main functions of a battery management system: current measurement (CSM) and temperature measure¬ment (TMP).
On the one hand, this ensures reliable transmission of measurement signals and also eliminates an additional process step. A connector is used to tap the voltage and tempera¬ture values and transmits the analog signal to the customer’s higher-level system.
The advantage for the user: The user gets a very good measurement signal because the PCB is placed exactly where the temperature coefficient is most favorable. If the user chooses his own contacting, this could be at a point where the TCR cannot be measured optimally, so that the measurement result is negatively influenced. On the other hand, with the PCB applied directly to the edge of the resistance material, the best possible pickup of the measurement signal is guaranteed.
The analog sensor with PCB also promises greater flexibility in terms of installation space: The system does not need to be designed in a special way so that the shunt and separate PCB are as close to each other as possible. It should be noted that the lead to the higher-level PCB can act like an antenna and thus interference can be received. However, this problem can be solved with a twisted or shielded lead.
Further variants – with different resistance values and shunt dimensions, and with ISO26262 qualification and more – are currently in the development phase and can be requested.
Another plus: On request, Isabellenhütte can laser the actual R-value of each manufactured component, including the temperature coefficient curve, onto the shunt in the form of a DMC code. The customer thus receives a “quasi-plug-and-play” solution and can use it immediately in the target system.
Analog sensors with press-fit pins
An alternative to connecting the shunt via a PCB with connector is to subsequently attach a PCB (developed by the customer) via a press-fit connection.
In this area, Isabellenhütte has responded to market requirements by providing another contacting option with press-fit connections, which allows the customer’s main PCB for the application to be directly contacted with the shunt via the press-fit pins. The attach¬ment of the press-fit pins offers some flexibility in terms of the position and number. In the areas of the press-fit pins, the busbar shunt must be uncoated, whereas coating is possible at the connection points to the bus bar in order to reduce the contact resistance.
The press-fit pins are conventional press-fit connections in accordance with IEC 60352-5. Isabellenhütte offers three different standard heights for these pins, although custom heights and other pin variations are also possible.
Three BAS shunts with R-values of 35, 50 and 100 μOhm and two press-fit pins each are available as standard. Customized designs can be easily implemented.
The advantages of this press-fit technology include the ability to quickly create connections without soldering. In addition, the distance of the PCB from the shunt provides protection in case of excessive temperatures at the shunt, which could possibly damage the PCB. Furthermore, at high currents, the distance between the PCB and the shunt can also reduce the influence of the magnetic fields on the semiconductors located on the PCB, which are sensitive in some areas.
Other contacting solutions
Contacting a busbar shunt with a PCB or press-fit pins covers nearly 80 – 90% of the total busbar shunt market. In addition to these two solutions, another contacting option should be briefly mentioned: a flex lead applied to the shunt, the bonding of wires to the shunt, THT (through-hole technology) construction. The remaining solutions, such as flex lead or wire bonding, also play only a minor role for cost and technology reasons. The THT design is mostly used in industry, but less so in the automotive industry.
Conclusion: High flexibility in contacting
The key point of the BAx series, apart from its suitability for high-current applications – from electric vehicles to welding equipment – is the flexibility in terms of contacting to the customer’s measuring system. Depending on installation space, size and measurement requirements, users can choose from numerous options: according to resistance values, tinned/untinned design, with integrated printed circuit board, soldered pins or from individual solutions such as flex cables or metal injection moulding.
In the consultation, it is important for Isabellenhütte to show that the good properties of the busbar shunts can only be used optimally if the customer-side connection within the application is also considered. The contacting of the current sensor is part of the best possible measurement result. A wide variety of influencing variables must be taken into account in advance. Isabellenhütte will be happy to advise you on the development of a viable measurement solution that takes all influencing factors into account.